Proceedings of

U.S.-Italy-Japan Workshop/Symposium

on Structural Control and Intelligent Systems

	13 - 15 July 1992				17 July 1992
	Sorrento, Italy					Genoa, Italy

Sponsored by

U.S. Panel on Structural Control Research
Gruppo Nazionale Difesa Terremoti (GNDT), Italy
Dip. di Meccanica Strutturale, Universita' di Pavia, Italy
Disaster Prevention Institute, Kyoto University, Japan

Edited by

George W. Housner				Sami F. Masri
Div. of Engin. & Applied Science		Dept. of Civil Engineering
California Institute of Technology		University of Southern California
Pasadena, California 91125			Los Angeles, California 90089
USA						USA

F. Casciati					H. Kameda 
Dip. Meccanica Strutturale			Urban Earthquake Hazard Res. Ctr.
Facolta' di Ingegneria				Disaster Prevention Research Inst. 
Universita' di Pavia				Kyoto University
27100 Pavia					Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611
Italy						Japan





July 1992

(USC Publication No. CE-9210)

Library of Congress Cataloging--in--Publication Data

U.S.-Italy-Japan Workshop/Symposium on Structural Control and 
   Intelligent Systems (1992 : Sorrento, Italy and Genoa, Italy) 
   Proceedings of the U.S.-Italy-Japan Workshop/Symposium on 
   Structural Control and Intelligent Systems : 13-15 July 1992 
   Sorrento, Italy, 17 July 1992 Genoa, Italy: sponsored by U.S. Panel 
   on Structural Control Research . . . [et al.] / edited by G.W. Housner, 
   S.F. Masri, F. Casciati, and H. Kameda.
     p.	cm.
   "July 1992."
   "USC publication no. CE-9210."
   Includes bibliographical references.
   ISBN 0-9628908-1-2
1. Structural control (Engineering)--Congresses. 2. Intelligent 
control systems--Congresses. I. Housner, G. W. (George William), 
1910-	. II. U.S. Panel on Structural Control Research.
III. Title.
TA654.9.U17 1992
624.1'7--dc20						92-38057
CIP


ISBN 0-9628908-1-2

USC Publication No. CE-9210

COPYRIGHT © October 1992
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA 90089-2531, USA

Reproduction as a whole or any part thereof prohibited except by permission of
the copyright owner. The statements, opinions and conclusions expressed in this
publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the University
of Southern California and its co- sponsoring organizations.


Printed in the United States of America




FOREWORD


The actions of earthquakes and winds, as well as man-made and environmental
disturbances, can cause unacceptable motions that are objectionable to the
occupants of a building and possibly even damaging to the structure and its
contents. The amplitude of the motions can be reduced by isolating the structure
from the sources of excitation, or by introducing counterforces to oppose the
motions, or by a combination of the two methods. The method of isolating is
called passive control, the method of opposing forces is called active control,
and the combination of the two is called hybrid control. The potential benefit of
control and monitoring of infrastructure systems in seismic regions, of buildings
in windy regions, of space structures, etc., dictates that a strong research
program should be undertaken.

To review the state-of-the-art and explore the needs and future directions of
such a research program, a workshop was held in July 1992 to promote discussion
on (1) the design and realization of ``intelligent engineering systems" that
function in real-time; and (2) the monitoring and assessment of states of systems
and their control, for the enhancement of the safety and reliability of
constructed facilities under various stages of lifetime, including their
construction periods, normal service stages, and emergencies due to accidents and
natural disasters.

The second trilateral US-Italy-Japan Workshop on Structural Control and
Intelligent Systems was held in Sorrento, Italy during the period 13-15 July 1992
and in Genoa on 17 July 1992. Participants from the US, Italy, Japan and other
Western European countries presented papers and participated in group
discussions. The prime objectives of the workshop were:

  1. To facilitate the exchange of information that is widely dispersed among 
     multi-national groups and multi-disciplinary fields of engineering and science.
 
  2. To identify and prioritize needed research in the field. 
  
  3. To develop plans for the analytical and experimental advancement of the field. 
  
  4. To explore optimum modes for international collaboration in conducting
     full-scale structural control and monitoring tests. 

The specific technical areas of interest for this workshop/seminar were: 


  1. Hybrid control of structural systems including implementation issues 
     related to algorithms, sensors, and actuators. 
 
  2. Assessment of the state of structural systems including damage/deterioration 
     and methods of artificial intelligence such as neural networks. 
  
  3. Measurement of system performance using state-of-the-art sensors such as
     distributed fiber-optic networks.
  
  4. Monitoring, assessment and information management for emergency operation
     of lifeline systems. 

The total duration of the workshop in Sorrento was three days. One-and-a-half
days were devoted to short (20 minutes) presentations by each of the
participants. The remainder of the time was devoted to group discussions and
recommendations for future research directions.

The first day of the technical program consisted of sessions on structural
control and adaptive systems. The second day of the meeting was devoted to
measurement of system performance, instrumentation networks, neural networks and
inspection, maintenance and repair processes. The Workshop concluded with the
presentation of the results of group discussions and recommendations for future
research.

Another phase of the Workshop was convened in Genoa. It consisted of a half-a-day
symposium/workshop dealing with research topics related to innovative materials
for harbor and port facilities.



ACKNOWLEDGMENTS


The Workshop/Seminar was organized and coordinated by a Steering Committee
consisting of G.W. Housner and S.F. Masri (on behalf the US Panel on Structural
Control Research), A. Baratta, F. Casciati, and H. Kameda.

Members of the Local Organizing Committee were:

The Workshop/Symposium was sponsored by: 

Financial support for the Workshop/Symposium was provided by: 

The interest and support of S.C. Liu and H.J. Lagorio of the US National Science
Foundation is much appreciated.

The editors would like to thank Prof. A. Baratta and his team of the Organizing
Committee for their tremendous efforts, and would like to praise their beautiful
arrangements that made the Workshop so productive and enjoyable. Additionally,
the editors would like to take this opportunity to thank the Japanese
participants for their active involvement in the Workshop on their own support.
Dr. Takuji Kobori, Chairman of the Japan Panel on Structural Response Control
Research, took the role of advisor in organizing the Japanese Team. Prof. Heki
Shibata, Member of Liaison Committee on Safety Engineering, Science Council of
Japan, also offered valuable advice in addition to participating in the Workshop.
This generous assistance is gratefully acknowledged.

We are indebted to all participants whose attendance and contributions helped us
focus on the important and critical issues of structural control and monitoring
research.

The assistance of Ms. Janine Nghiem and Mr. Thomas Hawbaker, of the USC
Department of Civil Engineering, and Mrs. Giuliana Comini, of the Pavia
Department of Structural Mechanics, in the various phases of the Workshop/Seminar
is greatly appreciated.



TABLE OF CONTENTS


Foreword

Acknowledgments

Program

Submitted Papers

Baratta, A., ``On Delayed Active Control of S.D.O.F. Systems''			1

Betti, R. and Testa, R.B., ``Structural Control and Monitoring of Bridges''	12

Bettinali, F., ``ENEL Experiences on Structural Systems Surveying with a Special
	Attention to Dynamic Loads''						27

Casciati, F. and Colombi, P., ``A Neural Network Approach to Measurement 
	Classification in Structural Control''					42

Casciati, F. and Faravelli, L., ``Maintenance \& Repair of Structures Against 
	Natural Hazards''							54

Caughey, T.K., ``Dynamic Response of Structures Constructed from Smart 
	Materials''								64

Claus, R.O., ``Optical Fiber Sensor Instrumentation for the Evaluation of 
	Civil Structures''							76

Ehrgott, R.C. and Masri, S.F., ``Use of Electro-Rheological Materials in 
	Intelligent Systems''							87

Fukute, T., ``New Materials for Port and Harbour Structures''			101

Iemura, H., Yamada, Y., Izuno, K., Yoneyama, H. and Baba, K., ``Comparison of 
	Passive, Active and Hybrid Control Techniques on Earthquake 
	Response of Flexural Structures - Numerical Simulations 
	and Experiments''							117

Kameda, H., Hayashi, H. and Nojima, N., ``System Interaction in Seismic 
	Performance of Lifelines and Information Management of 
	their Post-Earthquake Operation''					126

Kobori, T. and Kamagata, S., ``Active Variable Stiffness System - Active 
	Seismic Response Control''						140

Palazzo, B. and Iermano, I., ``The Input Energy Control in Base Isolated 
	Structures''								154

Sakai, F., Isoe, A. and Umeda, A., ``New Development of COSCOA - Control System
	of Construction Accuracy for Cable-Supported Bridges''			167

Shibata, H., ``On a Concept of the Safety of Intelligent System''		175

Shoureshi, R., ``A Framework for Intelligent Control of Structures''		191

Smith, H.A., Wu, W.-H. and Borja, R.I., ``Active Structural Control with Soil-
	Structure Interaction Effects''						204

Wang, Y.P., Reinhorn, A.M. and Soong, T.T., ``Development of Design
	Spectra for Actively Controlled Structures''				219

Wen, Y.-K., Ghaboussi, J., Venini, P. and Nikzad, K., ``Control of Structures
	using Neural Networks''							232

Yoshikawa, Y., ``Earthquake Monitoring and Damage Estimation Systems Based
	on the Online Information for City Gas Pipeline Operation''		252

Appendix: List of Participants						        265
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Andrew Smyth
smyth@civil.columbia.edu