Proceedings of
International Workshop on
Structural Control
Honolulu, Hawaii
5-7 August 1993
Sponsored by
U.S. Panel on Structural Control Research and
Japan Panel on Structural Response Control
Edited by
George W. Housner Sami F. Masri
Div. of Engin. & Applied Science Dept. of Civil Engineering
California Institute of Technology University of Southern California
Pasadena, California 91125 Los Angeles, California 90089
December 1993
(USC Publication Number CE-9311)
Library of Congress Cataloging--in--Publication Data
International Workshop on Structural Control (1993 : Honolulu, Hawaii, USA)
Proceedings of the International Workshop on Structural Control: 5-7 August 1993
Honolulu, Hawaii, USA : Sponsored by U.S. Panel on Structural Control Research
and the Japan Panel on Structural Response Control / edited by G.W. Housner, and
S.F. Masri.
p cm.
"August 1993."
"USC publication no. CE-9311."
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 0-9628908-2-0
1. Structural control (Engineering)--Congresses. 2. Intelligent control
systems--Congresses. I. Housner, G. W. (George William), 1910- . II. Masri,
S.F. III. U.S. Panel on Structural Control Research.
94-065-381
CIP
ISBN 0-9628908-2-0
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The Workshop was jointly organized by the U.S. Panel on Structural Control
Research and the Japan Panel on Structural Response Control. It was coordinated
by a Steering Committee consisting of G.W. Housner and S.F. Masri (on behalf the
US Panel on Structural Control Research), and T. Kobori (on behalf the Japan
Panel on Structural Response Control). Professor H.S. Hamada arranged for the
Workshop to meet on the campus of the University of Hawaii at Manoa.
Thanks are due the following organizations for providing partial financial
support for the Workshop:
- U.S. National Science Foundation
- Japan Science Council
- Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industry
- Kajima Corporation
- Mitsubishi Heavy Industry
- Obayashi Corporation
- Shimizu Corporation
- Taisei Corporation
- Takenaka Corporation
- University of Southern California
The interest and support of S.C. Liu of the U.S. National Science Foundation is
much appreciated.
The editors would like to thank all participants whose attendance and
contributions helped us focus on the important and critical research issues
of structural control and monitoring.
The assistance of staff and students of the Department of Civil Engineering at
the University of Southern California, particularly Melissa DeSimone, Ravi Kumar,
Sudha Kumar and Angeliki Papalou, in the various phases of the Workshop is
greatly appreciated.
USC Publication Number CE-9311
COPYRIGHT © December 1993
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA 90089-2531, USA
Reproduction as a whole or any part thereof prohibited except by permission of
the copyright owner. The statements, opinions and conclusions expressed in this
publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the University
of Southern California and its cosponsoring organizations.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Acknowledgments iv
Preface v
Foreword vi
Program xi
Working Group Reports
Group #1: Experimental Methods 1
Group #2: Analytical Methods 5
Group #3: Building Applications 9
Group #4: Non-Building Applications 13
Group #5: Interdisciplinary Approaches 17
Group #6: Lifelines and General Topics 20
Special Philosophical Comments and Observations by W. Hall 28
Papers
1. Abdel-Ghaffar, A., Masri, S., and Ali, H., "Experimental Study of Structural
Passive Control of Cable-Stayed Bridges Utilizing Two Shake Tables" 31
2. Asano, K., and Nakagawa, H., "Seismic Random Response of Elasto-Plastic
Systems Under Active Saturation Control Force" 40
3. Casciati, F., "Present and Future Activities Relevant to Structural Control
in Italy" 49
4. Casciati, F., Faravelli, L., and Venini, P., "A Neural-Network Performance-
Function Selection in Active Structural Control" 55
5. Caughey, T., "Musings on Structural Control" 65
6. Chen, J., Beck, J., and Iwan, W., "Hong Kong Full-Scale Structural Control
Initiative" 76
7. Cherry, S., "Research on Friction Damping at the University of British
Columbia" 84
8. Claus, R., de Vries, M., Murphy, K., and May, R., "Optical Fiber Sensor
Instrumentation for Structural Analysis and Control" 92
9. Dyke, S., Spencer, B., Quast, P., and Sain, M., "Protective System Design:
The Role of Control-Structure Interaction" 100
10. Ehrgott, R.C., and Masri, S.F., "Structural Control Applications of an
Electrorheological Device" 115
11. Foutch, D., Brady, P., and Wood, S., "A Study on the Feasibility of Using
Viscoelastic Dampers as a Means of Earthquake Hazard Mitigation for Lightly
Reinforced RC Buildings" 130
12. Friend, C., "Smart Structure Research in the UK" 139
13. Fujino, Y., "Recent Research and Developments on Control of Bridges under
Wind and Traffic Excitations in Japan" 144
14. Fujita, T., "Hybrid Mass Dampers with Convertible Active and Passive Modes
for Vibration Control of Tall Buildings" 151
15. Gavin, H., Ortiz, D., and Hanson, R., "Testing and Modeling of a Proto-Type
ER Damper for Seismic Structural Response Control" 166
16. Hagedorn, P., "Active and Passive Structural Control in Germany" 181
17. Hall, W., "Perspectives on Emerging Opportunities in Smart Materials and
Structures (Some Visions)" 192
18. Higashino, M., and Aizawa, S., "The Application of Active Mass Damper
System in Actual Buildings" 194
19. Hirai, J., Abiru, H., and Tsuji, E., "Study on Tuned Active Damper for
Control Tower of Kansai International Airport" 206
20. Hirsch, G., and J zsa, M., "Conclusions from Two Decades of
Interdisciplinary Research Activities in Active and Passive Control of Civil
Engineering Structures" 214
21. Inaudi, J., and Kelly, J., "Variable-Structure Homogeneous Control
Systems" 224
22. Inoue, Y., Tachibana, E., and Mukai, Y., "Recent Developments in Active
Structural Control of Buildings in Japan" 239
23. Ishimaru, S., and Niiya, T., "A Control Strategy of Response-Control
Structures with Large Scale TMD" 248
24. Iwan, W., "Coordinated Structural Control Research involving CUREe Member
Institutions" 263
25. Izumi, M., Teramoto, T., Kitamura, H., and Shirasawa, Y., "Buildings with
Response Control Systems in Japan" 268
26. Kageyama, M., and Yasui, Y., "Vibration Control Systems for Various
Types of Structures" 276
27. Kawashima, K., and Unjoh, S.,"Variable Dampers and Variable Stiffness for
Seismic Control of Bridges" 283
28. Kubo, Y., Modi, V., Yasuda, H., and Kato, K., "On the Suppression of
Aerodynamic Instabilities through the Moving Surface Boundary-Layer
Control" 298
29. Liu, S., Singh, M., Chong, K., Sabadell, E., and Anderson, W., "NSF
Program in Civil Infrastructure Systems Research" 310
30. Maebayashi, K., Tamura, K., Shiba, K., Ogawa, Y., and Inada, Y.,
"Performance of a Hybrid Mass Damper System Implemented in a Tall
Building" 318
31. Mehta, K. "Wind Induced Loads and Vibrations" 329
32. Nagashima, I., Yamada, M., and Tsujita, O., "Development and Full Scale
Implementation of Passive and Active Response Control Systems to
Buildings" 333
33. Nielsen, E., "Viscoelastic Dampers for Wind and Seismic Applications" 346
34. Nishitani, A., and Yamada, N., "Rebirth of Control with Frequency Domain
Viewpoint" 360
35. Nonami, K., and Nishimura, H., "Control Performances for Active Structural
Control and Benchmark Problems" 367
36. Okamoto, S., Kitagawa, Y., and Yamanouchi, H., "State-of-the-Arts of
Japanese Structural Control Research and BRI Roles in the Future" 385
37. Pasko, T., and McGogney, C., "Current Activities and Future Plans for
Advanced Research in Transportation Systems at the Federal Highway
Administration" 393
38. Paulay, T., "Challenges of a World Seismic Safety Initiative" 397
39. Reinhorn, A., Nagarajaiah, S., Subramaniam, R., and Riley, M., "Study of
Hybrid Control for Structural and Nonstructural Systems" 405
40. Sack, R., and Patten, W., "Semiactive Hydraulic Structural Control" 417
41. Sakamoto, M., and Kobori, T., "Practical Applications of Active and Hybrid
Response Control Systems" 432
42. Seto, K., "Recent Developments in Japan Relevant to Control Theory and its
Application in Structural Control" 447
43. Shenton, H., "NIST Efforts in Natural Hazard Mitigation: Current Programs
and Future Opportunities in Structural Control" 461
44. Shibata, H., "Safety Requirements for Controlled Structure and Role of
Mechanical Engineers" 468
45. Sone, A., and Yamamoto, S., "Energy Absorbing Capacities of Various Types
of Response Control Systems of Structures Using Auxiliary Masses" 472
46. Soong, T., and Hanson, R., "Recent Development in Active and Hybrid
Control Research in the U.S." 483
47. Tagawa, K., "Several Topics in Active Control Research and Implementation
Against Strong Earthquakes in Japan" 491
48. Takeda, T., Okada, H., Yasui, Y., and Teramura, A., "Mitigating Seismic
Disasters and Providing a Vibration-Free Environment" 498
49. Tanida, K., Mutaguchi, M., Koike, Y., and Murata, T., "Development of
V-Shaped Hybrid Mass Damper and its Application to High-Rise Buildings" 509
50. Wada, B., and Inman, D., "Interdisciplinary Approaches" 521
51. Watabe, M., and Mita, A., "Emerging Needs for Damping Augmenting
Systems Applicable to Super Tall Buildings" 536
52. Yang, J., Li, Z., and Wu, J., "Discontinuous Nonlinear Control of
Base-Isolated Buildings" 551
53. Yao, J., "The Role of Strucutral Control in Infrastructure Systems
Research" 564
54. Yeh, C., Tsai, I., Chang, K., Tsai, K., and Huang, C., "Recent Advancement
of Research on Structural Control Techniques in Taiwan - A Joint US-Taiwan
Research on Base Isolation and Energy Dissipation" 570
55. Yoshida, K., and Watanabe, T., "H% Control and m-Synthesis for Active
Dynamic Vibration Absorbers" 585
Appendix: List of Participants 593
PREFACE
This Workshop is an outgrowth of recommendations that were made at the Tenth
World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, held in Madrid, Spain in 1992. There
were several Sessions on structural control and there was a consensus that the
field needed to be better coordinated and brought into focus by holding a
workshop and organizing an International Association for Structural Control. The
planning of the Workshop was jointly done by the Japan Committee on Structural
Response Control (Takuji Kobori, Chairman) and the U.S. Panel on Structural
Control Research (George Housner, Chairman). The funding for the Workshop was
jointly provided by the Japan Science Council and the U.S. National Science
Foundation. The detailed organization of the Workshop was undertaken by the
undersigned Principal Investigators.
George W. Housner
Sami F. Masri
FOREWORD
In many countries the infrastructure of cities is inadequate, obsolete,
inefficient, or potentially hazardous; and this requires special study and
planning for future improvements. The subject of structural control offers
opportunities to design new structures and to retrofit existing structures by the
application of counter-forces, smart materials, frictional devices, etc., instead
of just increasing the strength of the structure at greater cost. A variety of
applications already have been installed in building structures to control wind
induced motions that are objectionable to the occupants; and many applications of
passive control, such as base isolation, have been installed to reduce structural
accelerations produced by strong earthquake ground shaking. There is a consensus
that structural control has the potential for improving the performance of
structures, new or existing, if appropriate research and experimentation are
undertaken.
It should be noted that Rstructural controlS is not the same as Rcontrol theoryS
which has been developed in electrical engineering and applied mechanics, or the
methods for control of space structures. The essence of Rstructural controlS is
the satisfactory management of the performance of relatively massive structures
by physical means which require the application of large forces but do not
require a high degree of accuracy. Control theory and control of space structures
have developed knowledge which, to some degree, provides information of value to
Rstructural controlS but does not solve the problems of structural control.
The International Workshop on Structural Control was attended by 64 participants
from 9 countries: Canada, Germany, Hong Kong, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, Taiwan,
United Kingdom, and the United States. A total of 55 papers were presented plus 6
Working Group Reports which present summaries and recommendations for future
research. The Workshop focused on topics related to building structures,
including adaptive structures, intelligent/smart materials and systems, health
monitoring and damage detection, actuators, sensors, and hybrid vibration control
of civil infrastructure components under the action of earthquakes, wind and
man-made loads.
At the Tenth World Conference on Earthquake Engineering in Madrid, Spain a
recommendation was made to organize an International Association for Structural
Control (IASC). This was endorsed at the Workshop and the organization of IASC
will be completed in 1994. The International Association for Structural Control
will serve to promote communication and to coordinate activities. The Workshop
was an important step in achieving these objectives. In particular, the papers
presented and now published in the Proceedings will serve to inform engineers and
researchers of the state of knowledge and is thus a valuable follow-up to the
Proceedings of the U.S. National Workshop on Structural Control Research held in
October 1990. George W. Housner
George W. Housner Sami F.Masri
Caltech USC
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